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K. S. Lal
92 quotes
“I have tried my utmost to be judicious in my conclusions, and have neither explained an act or policy to the extent of excusing, nor have I uncritically dispraised or blamed.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“With the Muslim conquest the position of Indian women suffered a set-back.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Muslim conquest was not without its blessings in Bengal. There, as elsewhere, developed an understanding between Hindus and Muslims. Hindus offered sweets at Muslims shrines; consulted and kept copies of the Quran. Musalmans responded with similar acts.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Ziyauddin's sarcasm is incisive. Occasionally his sardonic humour helps him to sum up his ideas in a few words. His remark that in Alauddin's days " a camel could be had for a dang," but wherefrom the dang?" - shows at once how the reforms of Alauddin had made articles cheap and people poor.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“If the medieval chronicler cries out "Jihad" it is not heard, but if he cries out persistently, it is claimed that he never meant it.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Any study of the population of the precensus times can be based only on estimates, and estimates by their very nature tend to be tentative.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The weaknesses of medieval chronicles are well-known. Their style is by and large turgid and ornamental; their narrative is often exaggerated. And this applies as much (if not more) to figures as to facts. A few no doubt are trustworthy but many of them are extremely faulty with regard to figures and statistics ; and almost all of them let their imagination and their pen run riot. Consequently, even when they are not quite reticent on demograghic matters, they are neither very informative nor always reliable.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In the Assam campaign “khani-khanan ordered that the prisoners should have the heads of the slain tied round them, and be thus exposed to the derision of the camp...and afterwards put to death.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Husain Khan. Jagirdar of Patiali and Sruvmsabati, had ordered that the Hindus of his jagtr should wear a piece of cloth on their dress as a mark of distinction from the Muslims. (19)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Mahmud's invasions alone meant to the country' a loss of about two million people.... Bakhtiyar Khalji marched through Bihar into Bengal and massacred people in both the regions. During his expedition to Gwalior Iltutmish (1210-36) massacred 700 persons besides those killed in the battle on both sides. His attacks on Malwa (VMisha and Ujjain) were met with stiff resistance and were accompanied by great loss of life. He is also credited with killing 12,000 Khokhars (Gakkhars) during Aibak's reign. The successor of XhutmisK (Raziyah, Bahrain etc.,) too fought and killed zealously.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“During the lime of Qutbuddin Aibak a large number of places were attacked and prisoners captured than for which actual figures, given above, are available. Figures of any conversions during campaigns to Kanauj, Ranaras (where the Muslims occupied “a thousand” temples), sfi Ajmer (attacked thrice), Gujarat, Havana and Gwalior, and the campaigns carried out rigid up to Bengal arc not available. (107)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Alauddin had 50,000 slaves some of whom worn mere boys,* and surely many captured during wax. Firoz Tughlaq had issued an order that whichever places were sacked, in them the-captives should be sorted out and the best ones tht for service with the Sultan) should be forwarded to the court/ 0 Soon he was enabled to collect ISO.OOO slaves.’ Ziyauddin Barani's description of the Slave Market in Delhi (such markets were there isi other places also) during the reign of Alauddin Khaljt, shows (hat ficsh batches of slaves were constantly replenishing them.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Thousands of non-Muslim women were captured in the minor yearly campaigns of Firoz Tughlaq, and under him the Id celebrations were held on lines similar to those of his predecessor.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The forcible conversion of frontier tribes by Aurangzeb is a well-known fact. “Popular Hindu and Sikh tradition ascribes mass conversions by force to Aurangzebs reign. (151)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The source is the late Delhi Univ history professor K.S. Lal. But his claim is not that 80 millions were physically killed by the invaders/occupiers, merely that 80 million have gone missing from the extrapolated demographic development (itself already a very risky guess) during that period. This includes people killed, but also the effect of lawlessness and famines which he claims were triggered by the extremely high taxation and other deliberate poverty-promoting policies of the Delhi Sultanate.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We assert that the N.C E.R.T. books have met their fate because of the studied bias and fantastic theories and interpretations of writers like Habib and his friends, and their communal approach in deliberately glossing over the misdeeds of one section of medieval Indian society and repeatedly hammering on the failings of the other.....”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“It is not surprising that for some communal historians suffering from extra-territorial chauvinism, the Persian wheel, the spinning wheel, the dome and the arch all came from lands outside India and the highly developed ancient Indian civilization was unaware of these....”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Early Muslims in India lived and preferred to live in cities. (116)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In short, while there can be no doubt about the presence of some Muslims in Sind, Gujarat and on the western coast of India, their number till the end of the tenth century was almost microscopic. In Hindustan proper, east of the river Indus, there were hardly any Musalmans in C.E. 1000.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Indigenous converts added to the numerical strength of foreign Muslims. How quickly their numbers swelled may be inferred from the fact that when, early in the fourteenth century, Malik Kafur marched into Maabar (Malabar), about 20,000 Musalmans who had settled in South India for long and were fighting on the side of the Hindus, deserted to the imperialists and were spared.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“A year before the dawn of the fifteenth century, Timur had claimed to have invaded Hindustan to destroy its infidels and idolators.1 In the year 1400 India was predominantly Hindu; Muslims comprised less than 2 per cent of the population. ... Timur might have made his declaration merely as a champion of Islam, and yet he was not wrong in his assessment of the Hindu population of India.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“About the percentage of Muslims in the total population no precise information can be obtained from the contemporary records. Babur’s statement that most of the inhabitants were Hindus, conveys only a general impression. Two facts are, however, certain. First, it is widely recognised that the majority of Muslims were converts from Hinduism. Secondly, the largest number of conversions took place under the Turks and Afghans who ruled between C. 1300 and 1556.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In April 1667, four revenue collectors (qanungos), who had been dismissed for various faults, were reinstated on their accepting the Muhammadan faith.39 Aurangzeb’s declared policy of “Qanungo basharte Islam” (Qanungoship on the condition of conversion to Islam) brought many converts and many Muslim families in Punjab still retain the letter of reinstatement on conversion or fresh appointment of Muslims in place of Hindu Qanungos who were retrenched because they would not convert.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The forcible conversion of Frontier Tribes by Aurangzeb is a well-known fact. “Popular Hindu and Sikh tradition ascribes mass conversions by force to Aurangzeb’s reign.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Had India been completely converted to Muhammadanism during the thousand years of Muslim conquest and rule, its people would have taken pride in the victories and achievements of Islam and even organised panIslamic movements and Islamic revolutions. Conversely, had India possessed the determination of countries like France and Spain to repulse the Muslims for good, its people would have forgotten about Islam and its rule.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Here the feudal nobility was a military aristocracy which incidentally owned land, rather than a landed aristocracy which occasionally had to defend Royal lands and property by military means but at other times lived quietly.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Its history is soaked in blood of the supposed enemies of Islam. But all this is denied by Marxists who always try to cover up the black spots of Muslim rule with thick coats of whitewash.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“At the close of the Khalji regime, Ghiyasuddin declared himself as a champion of the faith, because the Ulama had been dissatisfied with Alauddin’s policies and Ghiyasuddin with the activities of Nasiruddin Khusrau. “The slogan of ‘Islam in danger’ so common yet so effective in the history of the Muslims, was started.”39 And this to a great degree won Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq the throne.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Muhammad Bihamad Khani, the author of Tarikh-i-Muhammadi, gives a clear idea of the keenness of the Muslim sultans and their subtle methods in obtaining converts. He writes that sultan Mahmud while fighting Rai Sumer in the vicinity of Irich “concluded that if he allowed his brave warriors to wage the war (outright), they would undoubtedly extirpate the infidels… but he deemed it fit to delay the operation (or advance slowly) in the hope that the infidels might accept Islam”.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Throughout the Muslim rule destruction of Hindu shrines and construction of mosques and other building from their materials and at their very sites went on as a normal practice. From the Quwwal-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi built out of twenty-seven Hindu and Jain temples in the twelfth century to the Taj-ul-Masajid built from hundreds of Hindu and Jain temples at Bhopal in the eighteenth century, the story is the same everywhere.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The exploits of Mahmud Ghaznavi in the field of forced proselytization were cherished for long. His example was presented as the model before all good Muslim rulers, as early as the fourteenth century by Ziyauddin Barani in his Fatawa-i-Jahandari and as late as the close of the eighteenth century by Muhammad Aslam in his Farhat-un-Nazirin. There were forcible conversion both during the war and in peace. Sikandar Butshikan in Kashmir to Tipu Sultan in Mysore, Mahmud Beghara in Gujarat to Jalaluddin Muhammad in Bengal, all Muslim rulers carried on large-scale forcible conversions through jihad.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Hindus and Muslims can both be fanatics, but it is only Muslims (and Christians) who can be fundamentalists.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Jaisi, Rahim, Raskhan and Dara Shukoh, though no conventional philosophers, are rare phenomenon. Recognized leading lights of Islamic philosophy like Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah and Shah Ismail Shahid, find no place in the histories of Indian philosophy.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“A Hindu can not be a fundamentalist because there is nothing fundamental or obligatory in his socio-religious life, but he can be fanatic, a greater fanatic than all....”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Many women from Hindu rulers’ families were forcibly married by Muslim kings throughout the medieval period and yet only Shams Siraj Afif narrates in detail of the marriage of Firoz Shah’s mother to Malik Rajjab, a cousin of the king, and emperor Jahangir tells how he demanded daughters of Hindu kings.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In this background, it would be an unremitting task both in volume and repetition to give all anecdotes, facts and figures of enslavement and concubinage of captive women in the central and provincial kingdoms and independent Muslim states found mentioned in the chronicles. This would only lead to repetition resulting in the book becoming bulky.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“From the day India became a target of Muslim invaders its people began to be enslaved in droves to be sold in foreign lands or employed in various capacities on menial and not-so-menial jobs within the country. To understand this phenomenon it is necessary to go into the origins and development of the Islamic system of slavery. For, wherever the Muslims went, mostly as conquerors but also as traders, there developed a system of slavery peculiar to the clime, terrain and populace of the place.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) first seen 1994 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: K.S.Lai, The Muslim Slave System in Medieval India, Aditya Prakasha, New Delhi, 1994. Quoted in Easy Meat, Inside Britain’s Grooming Gang Scandal by Peter McLoughlin.
“The special interest of Muslims in sex slavery was universal and widespread.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) first seen 1994 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: K.S.Lai, The Muslim Slave System in Medieval India, Aditya Prakasha, New Delhi, 1994. Quoted in Easy Meat, Inside Britain’s Grooming Gang Scandal by Peter McLoughlin.
“In Sindh, because of Islamic influence, Muslim tribes have a leading place, while castes are relegated to a subordinate position.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We may close with a word on Nepal. According to the ancient chronicles kept in Nepal, the earliest dynasty was founded by eight Ahirs from Gujarat, followed by the same race from Hindustan. ....”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Medieval Muslim chroniclers, who are our main source of information for the history of the Middle Ages in India, nowhere distinguish between tribal, low caste and high caste Hindus.(21)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“From 1501 to 1505 Sikandar Lodi sacked Dholpur, a dependency of Gwalior, so thoroughly that trees and orchards extending to fourteen miles around were “torn up from roots”. Houses and temples were destroyed and mosques built with their debris.”’ (57)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) first seen 1995 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: Lal, K. S. (1995). Growth of scheduled tribes and castes in medieval India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
Also quoted by: Sikandar Khan Lodi
“The scale and effectiveness of conversions by force are clearly detailed in al-Kufi's Chachnama (for Muhammad Qasim in Sindh), Utbi's Tarikh-i-Yamini (for Mahmud of Ghazni) Hasan Nizami's Taj-ul-Maasir (for Muhammad Ghauri, Qutbuddin Aibak etc.) and Minhaj Siraj's. Tabqat-i-Nasiri (for the early years of the Sultanate period). All Muslim chronicles from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century write with pride about forcible conversions by rulers and nobles.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In my computation, however, sufficient historical evidence has been set forth for any demographic behaviour and on that basis I have arrived at the conclusion that the population of India in A.D. 1000 was about 200 million and in the year 1500 it was 170 million.... The loss of Indian population during Mahmud of Ghaznavi's invasions was about 2 million as studied in some detail in Appendix A of the Growth of Muslim Population in Medieval India.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“According to Mulla Ahmad, "the main object of levying of Jiziyah on them (the Hindus) is their humiliation... God established (the custom of realising) Jiziyah for their dishonour. The object is their humiliation and the (establishment of) prestige and dignity of the Muslims."6”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Fundamentalism is not accidental but essential to Islam… It sees unchangeability as strength. That is why the word reform is so abhorrent to Muslim thinkers and religious leaders ...”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“To people at large, life inside the harem was a mystery.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Study of history has a value at all times. But it is of the utmost importance today when the world is shrinking and we are coming closer to one another. We can be nearer to one another better if we understand one another well. (Meaning and Purpose of History in Volume I)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Bias or prejudice born out of chauvinism and imaginary interests of national glorification is not only undesirable, it is indeed dangerous. It is harmful not only to the cause of historical truth... (Meaning and Purpose of History in Volume I)”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In brief, the onus of protecting Hindus against Muslim and Christian proselytization falls on Hindu social and cultural organizations.”
K. S. Lal (1920–2002) said by 2002 at the latest wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source