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Joseph Davidovits
55 quotes
“The science that made the pyramids possible was chemistry, or, more precisely... alchemy. ...[T]he legendary Philosopher's Stone represents the last misinterpreted vestiges of the alchemical science that flourished during the Pyramid Age ...Technically alchemy encompasses historical chemical developments. ...There were great alchemical achievements during antiquity.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Temperatures can be raised with energy released during exothermic... reactions. Copper and are commonly located in close proximity... A mixture of ... ...and ... ...heated to only to 700 °C ...automatically reaches a temperature, through a heat producing chemical reaction, that is close to that for extracting copper. The addition of a flux, which in Egypt was a native salt called (), lowered the fusion point sufficiently for copper extraction. Silver can be smelted similarly.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Egyptian alchemists developed vibrant blue enamel... a by-product of copper . ...[A]n experimenter mixed a powder of with and applied a flame. The... hard, glossy blue enamel... was ...applied to beads and pebbles.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The ancient Egyptians are well known for using minerals such as chrysocolla and to produce enamels... They had a word for such products, ari-kat, meaning man-made or synthetic. ...[T]he highest spiritual influence was attributed to stone. ... and other red stones represented the blood of ...Lapis lazuli was associated with daybreak. Chrysocolla was associated with ...the "First Time" event of Creation. ...[M]inerals and rocks had divine properties in a world where all of nature was revered.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“All available stones... possessed sacred, eternal qualities. ...[A]ll living things perish ...the imposing rocks and cliffs stood eternally. ...[S]tone was symbolic of the eternal realm. ...[S]tone materials were devoted exclusively to religious monuments and sacred funerary paraphernalia. ...intended to survive for eternity.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“When the Egyptian alchemists developed glassmaking during the New Kingdom, it was to carry on the old religious tradition of making synthetic stones.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]he priests of had long been adept at the art of making extraordinary cements. Cement found in... the Great Pyramid... is still in good condition. This ancient mortar is far superior to cements used in construction today. The modern used to repair ancient Egyptian monuments has cracked and degraded...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]he pyramid blocks are not natural stone; the blocks are actually exceptionally high-quality concrete—synthetic stone—cast directly in place. The blocks consist of... ninety to ninety-five percent limestone rubble and five to ten percent cement. ...imitations of natural limestone, made in the age-old tradition of alchemical stonemaking. No stone cutting or heavy hauling was ever required...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“I am a research scientist specializing in low-temperature mineral synthesis. In 1972 I founded the private research company CORDI (Coordination and Development of Innovation), and, in 1979, the Geopolymer Institute, both in France. At the Geopolymer Institute a new branch of chemistry that I named ization. I currently have more than twenty-five international patents for geopolymeric products and processes. My products are made... by large manufacturers. The products have many diverse applications.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Geopolymeric products range from advanced materials to simple, yet highly sophisticated cements. The geopolymeric cements are made with inorganic chemical reactions in which alumina and silica materials are integrated to form synthetic s, secondary rock-forming minerals.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“There is no way of distinguishing a synthetic zeolite from a natural one.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[G]eopolymeric cements are chemically comparable to the natural cements that bind such stones as , puddingstone, and fossil-shell .”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Geopolymers are revolutionary for the concrete industry. Any type of rock aggregate can be used, and concrete made with geopolymeric binder is practically indistinguishable from natural stone. ...This is unprecedented technology; no tremendous heat or pressure is required... Geopolymeric concrete sets rapidly at room temperatures to form synthetic stone, beautiful in appearance and abundant with unprecedented properties.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Advanced technology plays no part in the production of s. ...An individual of the could produce geopolymers... [with] the knowledge that comes from intelligent, repeated observation and experimentation with substances found...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[S]uitable ingredients were available in... millions of tons. Mud from the Nile... contains alumina and is well suited for low-temperature mineral synthesis. The salt is extraordinarily abundant in the deserts and salt lakes.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“reacts with lime and water to produce caustic soda, the main ingredient for alchemically making stone. An abundance of lime would have been available by calcining in simple hearths.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In ancient times the Sinai mines were rich in deposits of and , neede for the production of synthetic zeolites. The mines also contained the arsenic minerals of and , needed to produce rapid hydraulic setting in large concrete blocks.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Nile was used for making sun-dried mud bricks and various minerals were used to make enamels. was a sacred product not only used for flux, but also for mummification and deification rites.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In my pursuit to develop new inorganic polymer materials, I was struck by the fact that the same simple hydrothermal conditions governed the synthesis of some organic plastics in alkali medium, as well as s and s. Thus and polycondense into... ... On the other hand, the reacts with NaOH at 100-150°C and polycondenses into hydrated ... or hydroxysodalite... I proceeded... to develop amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional silico-aluminate [-Si-O-Al-O-] materials, which I call... s (mineral polymers resulting from or geosynthesis).”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]he real breakthrough took place when, in 1978-1980, we developed... a -based geopolymeric liquid binder comprising soluble alkali-silicate... the first mineral resin ever manufactured. ...The commercial product ...GeopolymiteTM, was a good fire resistant alternative to organic resin.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Major efforts were dedicated to greenhouse CO2 mitigation with the development of low CO2 geopolymer cements. My research... started in 1990 at Penn-State University... The production of 1 tonne of kaolin based-geopolymeric cement generates 0.180 tonnes of CO2, from combustion carbon-fuel, compared with... Portland cement... six times less. Fly ash based-geopolymeric cement... up to nine times less than Portland...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“... form[s]... one of the major areas of materials science. ...Inorganic chemistry concerns basic molecules such as s, metals, s, and minerals. ...[M]ost of the raw materials for geopolymer synthesis are rock-forming minerals. ...There are numerous reasons for being interested in mineral polymers, more specifically in geopolymers. One is to get fire and heat properties that cannot be covered by organic materials. Another is the bridge... between polymer science and ceramics.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In 1975-1976, when I first presented the concept of mineral polymer, scientists who could not imagine that polymers existed outside... of organic polymers very often fustigated my research and new terminology.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]here is one theory that is never taught by Egyptology, but which is obvious. I call it Theorem Number One. The stone has a religious meaning. Stone is used only for tombs, pyramids and temples. Stone is never used for secular constructions, never for palaces, garrison, houses that are made out of wood, clay, brick, never in stone, except during the Greek period... and during the Roman occupation. So never, during the genuine Egyptian civilization, was the use of stone permitted for secular constructions.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[A]t the roots of Egyptian civilization we have two geneses. two genitors, two ways of creating man. The oldest is the one of the god . The youngest is the one of the god . We have two antagonistic religions... and two different technological civilizations that will support these religions.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The god Khnum is depicted... on his potter wheel... creating the body of the and his ka and his eternal soul by petrifying, by using clay. ...[H]e kneads humanity and the gods with clay and silt. ...[T]his is the Genesis that we are accustomed to read in the Bible, and it is also the type of Genesis that is depicted in the Quran. ...The ka is the soul in eternal stone.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“For the god creation is the divine incarnation in the agglomeration of stone.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e discover that for Cheops, for the builder of the most impressive monument of antiquity, its actual name is Knum Kufu: may the god Khnum protect Cheops. ...The pyramids must have been done within the technology associated with Khnum, which is agglomeration.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[F]or the god it is different. "A mountain of mud began to rise up from the shadow's waters, the mountain of mud swelled up, casting out bubbles and took the form of the first god Amun. And Amun pulled out (carved) the limbs and all the parts of his body, and these parts of the body of Amum were transformed into men, animals, and all creation..." This is different...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[F]or god in the creation, he carves mankind and the other gods in his body, the mountain. The creation is the divine incarnation in carved stone.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“had his temple at dug out, in the body of Amun, in the hill of sandstone, and we understand that the temples in Thebes, in , in were made of carved stone... cut very carefully in the body of Amum, and we understand why the s out of granite have been called "the finger of Amun.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e have two civilizations, one in the north that flourished during the Old Kingdom, god , agglomerated stone, [and] that in the south that flourished under the New Kingdom, god , and carved stone.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Egyptology has never found any text proving that the pyramids were built with carving stones that were hoisted on sledges and ramps. ...[T]hey say there is no text because it is a sacred system that should not be revealed ...We are ...dealing with ...texts that are describing technological information...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[I]t is very difficult to translate a technical text... if you are not aware of the signification of the keywords. ...[I]magine that I got a text from Egypt that has been translated... [as] "make fluid stone with ashes insect in glass water"... what we have in reality is the description of, to make cement with fly ashes and water glass.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“So we have the text, and the first one is the... renowned... Famine Stele at Sehel... engraved in 2000 BC... a copy of more ancient texts dating to the time of the pyramids. ...We have the Pharaoh , the builder of the first pyramid, that is worshiping the god Khnum.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The Famine Stele is... a list... 1/3... dedicated to the lists of minerals that will be used to make the pyramid.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In antique text what is very difficult to translate are verbs. ...[T]he verb iri-kat... means to create, to manufacture. This is the verb that is used to depict the god Khnum when he is making, when he is creating, manufacturing the ka, that is the soul of the pharaoh in eternal stone.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e find this verb iri-kat in the Famine Stele... where... Khnum is providing the minerals to Pharaoh to build his first pyramid. ...[Y]ou see iri-kat, to manufacture, and the real translation is "since creation, you are the first one who manufactures them (the minerals) to build the temples".”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The second verb is... khusi that means to erect, to build, to construct, and you see that the verb has a determinative that is a man pounding something in a mold. So this is the making of agglomerated stone. This is the making of bricks, and this is the making of stone.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“So it started with the first pyramid in small bricks. They mastered their technology, improved the dimension of the blocks and they ended with the first pyramid of that is the rhomboidal, where the blocks are still... transported to the site, but... are becoming too big, and for the of Sneferu... they are cast, they are pound[ed] on site. We then arrive to the Giza Plateau where this technology was used for the Cheops, Chephren and Mykerinos pyramids.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e observe a dramatical stop of the technology. ...[T]he variation of the pyramids' volume with time... from the invention by Djoser to the Cheops pyramid, that is ...within 60 years, we have an increase in the volumes ...optimum by Cheops and Chephren, and then a dramatic plunge... of the volume ...by Mykerinos, and the others are ridiculously small. What happened?”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e can interpret... two elements... of the industrial activities. First, we may suppose that there had been exhaustion in the Sinai mines. Some minerals are used to make artificial stones, and we have texts... that show... the Sinai mines were very heavily exploited, and afterwards, no longer. Or the manufacture or lime-ash generated an ecological disaster. This is the lime... in the reaction... [with] the () [in water] to... produce the caustic soda that will start the ic reaction.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[P]lants were supplying a lot of chemicals during antiquity and even during our Middle Ages in Europe. ...If we look... at the results of the burning of wood or plants, ...we get plenty of SiO2... plenty of CaO () in beech, oak, acacia, palm trees. Plenty of alkali (K2O) in fern and bulrush... which means I am claiming... [the Egyptians] used the plants and the woods in the manufacture of these ashes... the sources of their chemicals.”
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“[I]f they over exploited the palm trees in the production of the ashes... then they got into an ecological disaster because... [i]f there is no more palm trees, there is no more agriculture, and... the end of the pyramid construction. ...[T]his technology, even though it was a sacred one, was dangerous.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Just after, what we have is the starting of making a small pyramid in carved stone. ...We have here the pyramid of Ouserkaf (2460 B.C.)... just after the pyramid of Giza. It is just a heap of small stones... this one is totally destroyed and ...[the (2650 B.C.)] is still there. ...[T]his is big difference between a building made out of agglomerated stone and a small building made out of carved stone. ...It is no longer this very powerful and important technology...”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“They turned back to mud because mud bricks is also a replica of incarnation, in the materials that belong to the Khnum divinity.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“For Chefren, same problem, the core is made of agglomerated stone, but this time... the granite... more easily ...was only for the casing of the first and second steps that is made of ...blocks of granite that are split into two and are incorporated into ...the natural step.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Mykerinos has a core... of agglomerated limestone and the first steps were covered with a casing... also made of split granite, not dressed [not cut].”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“How should we consider geopolymers? ...a new material, a new binder or a new cement for concrete? Geopolymers are all of these. They are new materials for coatings and adhesives, new binders for fiber composites, waste encapsulation and new cement for concrete. The properties and uses are being explored in... inorganic... physical... [and] colloid chemistr[ies], mineralogy, geology, and... engineering process technologies. The ...potential applications... fire resistant materials, decorative stone artifacts, thermal insulation, low-tech building materials, low energy ceramic tiles, refractory items, thermal shock refractories, foundry applications, cements and concretes, composites for infrastructures repair and strengthening, composites for infrastructure repair and strengthening, high-tech composites for aircraft interior and automobile, high-tech resin systems, radioactive and toxic waste containment, arts and decoration... archaeology and history of sciences.”
Joseph Davidovits (born 1935) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“In... 1983, with Joseph Sawyer as head of Lone Star's research laboratory... I started to develop early high-strength geopolymeric binders and cements based on based on both geopolymeric and hydraulic cement chemistries. Within one month Lone Star Industries Inc. formed the development company, PYRAMENT... exclusively dedicated to... this new class of cement. ...It was discovered that the addition of ground blast furnace slag, which is a latent hydraulic cementitious product, to the poly(sialate) type of geopolymer, accelerates the setting time and... improves compressive and flexural strength. The first Davidovits and Sawyer patent was filed in... 1984... The corresponding European patent... in 1985... and these... disclose our preliminary finding...of 1983. Geopolymer cements are acid-resistant cementitious materials with zeolitic properties that can be applied to long-term containment of hazardous and toxic wastes.”
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