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Gary Marcus
96 quotes
“[A]gility is key. As these models change, we may need to change the laws relatively quickly, which means... [e.g.,] the U.S. Senate is not the ideal system for handling these things.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We need transparency. We want a full accounting of what data is used to train the models because the biases... come from how they're trained... [I]f we want to do the scientific work of mitigating the risks, we have to know what data goes into the systems. They're all black boxes.., [i.e.,] we don't really understand them. If we don't understand the data in, we have no idea how to get to the data out, and it's hard to do anything about it.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[I]f we're going to deploy something to 100 million people we should do something like what the U.S. FDA does, which is they say, "Tell us what the benefits are.., what are the risks, and why is this worth it?”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We... need to look at systems after the fact. We have to audit them and say, "How is this working out?" ...[W]e have to make the job of the scientist... easy. We have to force the companies to give us the data that we need... [e.g.,] "Are these systems discriminating against people in employment?" ...[T]he companies don't want to share that, but we have to make them...”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We need to have liability laws. ...[I]n the United States we have ... that allows the social media companies to basically publish anything they want without liability, even if they hype things that are misinformation because that gets them more clicks. We can't do the same thing in AI.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We need layered oversight. ...[W]e make the commercial s so astonishingly safe ...because we have rules about how you can design.., manufacture.., maintain a plane. We have systems for investigating accidents... [etc.] We should think about AI like we think about aviation. There's a lot potentially at stake. ...[S]cientist have to be in the loop ...”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We... need national and global AI agencies. ...[M]any senators from both parties were supportive of many of these things! I was astonished that people were with me... but so far, in a year, not one of these ideas has... been put to a vote in the United States... The EU has made real progress in regulating AI. The United States has not.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]hat brings me to money and context. ...[M]ost of my career I worked on research. I built AI companies. I didn't really think about politics that much...”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]he interest of... technologists do not necessarily align with the interests of humanity. ...[T]here was this cartoon... in The Economist just after the UK AI Summit... [Y]ou have the different countries, but it might as well be the different companies saying, "We declare that AI poses a potentially catastrophic risk to humankind... and I cannot wait to develop it first." So... none of them are slowing down.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“There is a huge gap between what big tech companies say about responsible AI, and what they... do. ...[T]here was a news item that [ and Microsoft] had given $2 million to warn people of the potential harms of deep fakes... [Their] collective valuation... is $3.1 trillion and they gave $2 million, so we should all give them a very slow clap...”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]he amount that most individual artists have received for... their work... [that the AI's] have been trained on... is zero. [T]here's been zero disclosure of what copyrighted materials have... been used to train these systems. It's all just been seized.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]his cartoon... applies not only to climate change, but possibly to AI... "Yes, the planet got destroyed but for a beautiful moment in time, we created a lot of value for shareholders." Sam Altman... said almost... the same thing except he wasn't kidding. He said, "AI will most likely lead to the end of the world... But in the meantime there will be... great companies created." This is not a lot of solace...”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e shouldn't trust Washington... Maybe the worst thing would be no regulation, but the second worse thing would be regulatory capture where the companies write the rules. That's where we're headed, at least in the United States... [e.g.,] there was a meeting... Chuck Schumer... held... [I]t was all the CEOs of the big companies... invited, and ... wrote about it... "Imagine convening about how to legislate for CO2 reductions with the CEOs of Chevron, Aramco, Shell, Exxon, BMW, Ford, Tata, BP, oh and a activist" ...[T]hat would be regulatory capture, and that's what happened.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The Department of Homeland Security just released a new board on [AI] safety and security... They put the CEOs of , , Google, Microsoft, ... [etc.] ...[T]hat sure does look like regulatory capture... We really have to worry about that, especially in the United States where... Citizens United, a Supreme Court decision.., allows essentially unlimited amounts of money from the corporation to flow to the senators.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) first seen 2024 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: Ref: Notice by the Homeland Security Department, Establishment of the Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security Board (Apr 29, 2024) @federalregister.gov
“[T]he only way we're going to get to good AI policy in the U.S. is if people organize and demand it. That's why I wrote... Taming Silcon Valley. [It] is to try and get people to realize how much is at stake here. ...[W]e face ...the same challenges ...apathy and so forth, that climate change faced for a long time. We need to move fast, and we should learn from that situation.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“As we develop AI policy we need to be realistic about the limits of current AI... [i.e.,] we have to know what's going on... [S]ometimes I feel like the people making the rules are seduced by the companies... [e.g.,] the ... the U.S. is withholding chips from China. ...This could lead to military conflict ...and it's all predicated on the idea that if China got first it would be a really big deal. ...[W]hat would they do with it? Write more boilerplate rough draft text faster than we can..? This is not going to war over!”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Building a foreign policy, or building our AI policy around fantasy is not a good idea, but what Silicon Valley has learned is if they hype stuff, the stock goes up... [T]hey've learned this over and over and over.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“...Elon Musk ...keeps playing the hype card with driverless cars. It... goes back to Google even earlier, but Musk said... we would have driverless Teslas that would drive from LA to New York City by 2017. ...[I] still hasn't happened. He promised a fleet of a million s by 2020. It hasn't happened. He promised that... he would mass produce them by 2024. It hasn't happened. But it always drives the stock price up, so we get a misleading representation of what's actually possible.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Sam Altman was fired and everybody started talking about this algorithm Q... Ilya Sutskever had seen it and it was going to change the world. I don't that's actually gone anywhere yet.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Driverless cars are hard... [e.g.,] the company Cruise had more people in teleoperations centers than... cars on the road, which should remind you of the Wizard of Oz, "Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain!"... [I]t might remind you of some other stories where people tried to fake it till they make it...”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“They're talking about things like synthesizing data. Well I heard that with driverless cars for years. It still hasn't made driverless cars that we can trust.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“It could... be that even though looks... invincible... that they aren't really. ...Apple was the last to smartphones.., Google was later in the search engine space. I wouldn't assume either that OpenAI... or that large language models are going to win this race.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[B]etter AI is... possible. ...I am skeptical of things that aren't true. ...I'm a scientist. I spent a quarter century being a scientist before I moved full time into AI. ...I ...want AI to succeed. That's why I built a couple of AI companies. That's why I've studied it since I was 8 years old. To get there... we're going to need to take some clues... from the human mind. We have a field... where people who are good at... matrix math have dominated, and... ignored everything else.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“is really good at learning. It's pretty poor at reasoning. You can't really count on it. It's data hungry. It needs... the entire internet. It's uninterpretable... [i.e.,] it's a . We don't know what it does. It's prone to hallucinations... On the positive side it's scalable. You can just make it better and better to some point... by adding more data without doing a lot of hard work, and that's very appealing. ...[I]t's grounded in the use of language rather than reality, which... is problematic.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“They're almost complimentary, but neither approach has ever worked on its own. ...People used to complain that symbolic AI was brittle. You would give it a slight variation on a question and it would break. That's true of the new neural network approach, the approach.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We just don't know how to make large scale AI. We don't know how to make driverless cars that work. We don't know how to systems that really read with comprehension. There are things we can do, like we make navigation systems work pretty well... [etc.] But AI is basically an unsolved problem, no matter what the Sam Altmans of the world might want you to think.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[H]ere's the trick. The human combines both. That's what Daniel Kahneman's Thinking Fast, Thinking Slow was about. We use both systems. We don't always use them perfectly, but we... balance those... It's kind of a checks and balance that allows us to get through life reasonably well. ...I wrote a book ...Kluge which is about all the times it fails. We're not perfect. We're kind of a low bar, but could do better... [W]e do combine both, and that allows us to get along in the world, to solve new problems we haven't seen before.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) first seen 2008 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: Ref: G. F. Marcus, Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind (2008)
“AI has been trying for a long time to make do with one or the other with poor results, and that's a fact about sociology and money. There have been two traditions for... 60 some years, and people in the academy... fight over money, and graduate students, and prestige... [T]hese two fields have been fighting for all of those things for so long that they've forgotten that maybe that's not the right thing to do.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[I]f we can figure out how to build an AI that combines the best of both worlds, we can create an AI that's learnable, data efficient, interpretable, reliable, verifiable and grounded in facts, and one that's capable of reasoning about human values, like don't discriminate against people, or don't harm people, which current AI just can't do.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“A few companies own System 1.., they own the technology and the GPUs to run it... [etc.,] but it's not too late to develop a new approach to AI that can be a , working in the .”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) first seen 2024 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: AI Ref: 1) Tejas N. Narechania & , An Antimonopoly Approach to Governing Artificial Intelligence (Fall 2024) , Vol. 43, Issue 1 @YaleLawAndPolicy.org 2) Shaleen Khanal, Hongzhou Zhang, Araz Taeihagh, Why and how is the …
“[W]hat... we need... is something like a for AI, where we have a global project where people work together to make a , a form of AI that everybody can use, that perhaps combines the two systems... It is not driven by commercial imperatives like "Let's get all the data and surveil people," but instead is motivated by trying to make AI that is good for medicine.., for neuroscience... [etc.]”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“If anyone wants to teach me about action, I'm very much all ears right now.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“The choices that we make now about AI will have lasting effects, possibly for decades, even for centuries. We've got to get this right now and build an AI that works for us!”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“It’s a very specific moment. I learned how to program on basically a simulation of a computer that was on paper. It was part of my after-school program for gifted kids, and that night I explained to the media how it worked. So, my media career and my A.I. career began that day.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“I didn’t know too much about, but they thought it’d be fun to have a human interest story. They nominated me to do the explanation, you know, cute kid explaining what a computer is. And I saw it on TV that night. There’s no archival footage that we can find, but I did actually see it on my father’s little black and white TV later that night.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“I’ve never been fully optimistic about it. I don’t think we’ve made as much progress as I’d hoped that we would. I would have guessed that 40 years after I was looking at this, that a lot of A.I. would have been solved problems.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We have a lot of tools now that are very useful. But I think the bigger questions of, like, how do you represent and acquire knowledge? You still don’t have really good answers to those. So I’ve never reached a point of being really satisfied. I always want it to go better.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“I started writing about it right away in my Substack and I said immediately that it’s going to excite people but it has limits.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“Generative AI... has a personality problem. ...We tend to anthropomorphize them too much, but for the sake of argument, if you did a psychoanalysis.., GPT models are not a picture of good mental health... [T]hey... exhibit low self-esteem. Think of all the apologizing they do. ...They have a disconnection from reality.., and... they display severe psychopathy. Like... somebody asked about schools and the Meta AI referred to the experience of its children. ...[O]nly a sociopath tells you about the experience or their children... if they... don't... have children. So these systems are not really what we want.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]his is from my forthcoming book, Taming Silicon Valley, and I go through a dozen different immediate risks. ...I'm most worried about... disinformation. We have 70 elections around the world. The election here in Slovakia was at least influence by misinformation at the last minute. Deliberate disinformation, s, text that is generated automatically by these machines. Even though these machines aren't very smart, they can easily mimic human styles, and because they can't fact check, that makes them... perfect tools for disinformation. So there is a real chance that one or more democracies will be disrupted this year.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[T]here are huge environmental costs... because now there may be serious long-term risks. ...[W]e could have real catastrophe from AI, and we should be worried. ...We already have a lot of AI risks, whether or not we get to anything... existential, or if AGI poses new risk. We already have enough to worry about... with generative AI. ...Generative AI has not proven itself to be a net positive for society. There are some arguments, maybe that it's produced some positives.., [e.g.,] it has some computer programmers program faster, but there are... serious risks. I would not want all the computer programmers... to program faster if we're going to lose some democracies.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“We... shouldn't let big... tech companies decide everything for humanity... [e.g.] a very hard question is, "Should we open source AI?" Nobody's quite doing that... They're open sourcing the weights of the model and not the... . ...Some ...like Yann LeCun at Meta think this is a fabulous idea. We'll move faster if everything is open... [O]thers like Jeff Hinton are saying... maybe that would make it easier for bad actors to produce bioweapons, for example. ...It's one of the hardest questions.., but it shouldn't be up to Mark Zuckerberg to decide... [W]hat's happening is exactly that. ...The rest of us should have a vote on that.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“[W]e've reached a point of for the current paradigm. s... are... fun to play with but there are these myths... that they're getting better every few months. ...Ethan Mollick has a book on the bestseller list. He claimed that the current best estimates of the rate of improvement in large language models show capabilities doubling every... 5 to 14 months. ...[H]e misread the study that he was citing ...[I]t actually looks like things are slowing down. Everybody's talking about an exponential curve... [i.e.], that the trend... on the left part of the graph would continue... doubling and doubling and doubling, but they're not anymore. They haven't been doubling for the last 14 months. ...[A] big part of the hype is this idea that if we just keep doing what we're doing.., just put in more data, and if you give us $7 trillion... we will magically create ... We're not really in the regime of exponential improvement anymore. More likely we're in a regime of ... probably because for a while you can get more and more high quality data by harnessing the internet. But now all of these companies are basically using all of the internet. They're doing all kinds of dubious things to get every last morsel of data, and they just don't have that much interesting left.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) first seen 2024 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: Ref: Ethan Mollick, Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI (2024)
“[T]here's a wonderful quote from... Brian Scholl and Chaz Firestone, "The human mind is not one thing, but many." ...[W]e do a lot of different things, and the AI we have... is good for some.., but not all of them. It's not a well-rounded cognitive system. ...[T]he late Daniel Kahneman's two systems of ..: System 1... was reflexive, intuitive, data driven ...[etc.] System 2...is deliberative and reasoning based... [etc.] ...That's in humans. In AI we have analogs to those systems. A comes pretty close to... System 1. It sucks down a lot of data and it forms something... like intuition.., [[w:Symbolic artificial intelligence|[C]lassic symbolic AI]]... looks a lot more like computer programming.., is more deliberative and reasoning based and grows out of a tradition of formal logic. ...[T]hey ...each have their strengths and weaknesses.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) first seen 2016 wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
Recorded in: Ref: Chaz Firestone, Brian Scholl, "Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for 'top-down' effects" (2016) where it is stated, "There is no one way the mind works, because the mind is not one thing…
“Classical AI is almost the opposite. It's good at reasoning, and not very good at learning. Nobody's been really able to learn the rules that classical AI depends on at any kind of scale. There's some s, but nobody can really do it well. It's data efficient on at least some kind of tasks, maybe not all. (Maybe that was too charitable...) It's interpretable. You can understand what it is doing. It doesn't hallucinate in the same way. It doesn't just make up things... [e.g.,] if it consults a database, it just returns what's in the database. (Imagine if you had a new database system... and it made a mistake 1 in 10 times like a large language model... People would laugh in its face. They would never get any commercial traction...) On the other hand it's mostly handcrafted, and that's a pain, and on the positive side it's grounded in facts.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source
“My mission is to try to tame Silicon Valley. ...The point is to try to ensure that AI works for all of us, to get the general public involved... [T]he issues with AI parallel those with climate change to an incredible (and maybe somewhat depressing) degree. In both cases we need to act with urgency. With climate change we can... plot how much time we have, with AI we can't because we don't really know how fast we're going to get to more dangerous forms of AI. We don't know how fast democracy is going to be undermined. We don't have the same kind of mathematical models, but we... don't have a lot of time. In both cases there's a limited time window for action. ...[E]ven if we figured out what to do 10 years from now, that might be too late! We can't in either case count on the government to do the right thing because of all the exigencies of money... [etc.,] unless people speak up and say, "These things matter to us! AI policy matters." I wrote this book in a frenzy to get it out... before the election because I want people in the U.S. to talk about it and realize how important it is. ...[A]nother thing that's really important in both cases is that grassroots action is essential.”
Gary Marcus (born 1970) wikiquote, CC BY-SA 4.0 source